## Upper Respiratory Infections

Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are common infections that affect the body parts of the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, throat (pharynx), larynx, trachea, and bronchi. URIs can be caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria, and they can range in severity from mild to severe.

**Symptoms**

The most common symptoms of URIs include:

* Runny nose
* Nasal congestion
* Sneezing
* Sore throat
* Hoarseness
* Cough
* Wheezing
* Difficulty breathing
* Fever
* Chills
* Fatigue
* Headache

**Diagnosis**

URIs are typically diagnosed based on Symptoms and a physical examination. Your doctor may also order tests such as a nasal endoscopy, sinus irrigation, throat culture, or sputum culture to confirm the diagnosis.

**Prevention**

The best way to prevent URIs is to practice good respiratory hygiene, which includes:

* Washing your hands frequently
* Covering your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough
* Staying home from work or school if you are sick
* Getting enough rest
* Eating a healthy diet
* Exercising regularly

**Treatment**

Most URIs are mild and will resolve on their own within a few days. However, if your symptoms are severe or do not improve after a week, you should see a doctor. Treatment for URIs may include:

* Decongestants
* Antihistamines
* Cough suppressants
* Expectorants
* Antibiotics (for bacterial infections)
* Antivirals (for viral infections)
* Rest
* Hydration

**Vaccinations**

There are several vaccines available that can help prevent URIs, including the influenza vaccine and the pneumococcal vaccine. Talk to your doctor about which vaccines are right for you.

**Complications**

In some cases, URIs can lead to complications, such as:

* Sinusitis
* Otitis media (ear infection)
* Pneumonia
* Bronchitis
* Croup

If you experience any of these complications, it is important to see a doctor right away.

**Related Terms**

* Mucociliary clearance: The process by which the body removes mucus from the respiratory tract.
* Cilia: Small, hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract and help to remove mucus.
* Goblets cells: Cells that produce mucus.
* Immune system: The body’s defense system against infection.
* Respiratory hygiene: Practices that help to prevent the spread of infection through the respiratory tract.
* Handwashing: The act of washing your hands with soap and water to remove germs.
* Sick leave: Time taken off from work or school due to illness.